نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 ریاست - پژوهشکده آبزی پروری جنوب کشور

2 پژوهشکده آبزی پروری جنوب کشور، ایستگاه تحقیقاتی ماهیان دریایی بندر امام خمینی (ره)

3 کارشناس ارشد تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان - ایستگاه تحقیقاتی ماهیان دریایی بندر امام خمینی

4 موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی ایران، تهران

چکیده

در این پژوهش تاثیر سطوح مختلف پروتئین (45% ،50% ،55% و60%) و سطوح مختلف انرژی (20 ، 22 و 24 کیلوژول بر گرم غذا) بر شاخصهای رشد، بازماندگی، شاخصهای تغذیه ای و ترکیب شیمیایی لاشه ماهیان صبیتی جوان بررسی شد. دورة پرورش 56 روز بوده که در تانکهای 300 لیتری با ذخیره سازی 18 قطعه بچه ماهی با متوسط وزن14/0±99/27 گرم صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که جیره های مورد آزمایش و نیز سطوح مختلف پروتئین جیره بر شاخصهای رشد، تغذیه ای، بازماندگی و ترکیبات لاشه تاثیر معنی دار داشت (05/0 < P)، اما سطوح مختلف درصد پروتئین جیره بر ضریب تبدیل غذایی، بازده پروتئین، چربی و فیبر لاشه تاثیر معنی دار نداشت (05/0 > P). سطوح مختلف انرژی جیره به تنهایی تاثیر معنی دار بر شاخصهای رشد وتغذیه ای نداشت (05/0 > P) ولی بر میزان بازماندگی و ترکیبات لاشه تاثیر معنی دار داشت (05/0< P). همچنین بیشترین افزایش وزن (‌1.53±43/46) در جیره غذایی پروتئین 60 درصد و انرژی 24 کیلوژول بر گرم اما با بازماندگی پایین، بالاترین میانگین بازماندگی (‌49/8±74/90) در جیره غذایی پروتئین 55 درصد و انرژی 22 کیلوژول بر گرم، بهترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی و بازده پروتئین به ترتیب با مقادیر 60/0±01/3 و 15/0±68/0 در جیره غذایی پروتئین 50 درصد و انرژی 24 کیلوژول بر گرم بدست آمد. در نهایت با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده سطح پروتئین 50 درصد و سطح انرژی 22 کیلوژول برگرم غذا برای تامین نیازهای غذایی از نظر پروتئین و انرژی جیره این گونه در مرحلة جوانی مناسب تشخیص داده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

Al-Marzouk, A., Ghazal, N., Khamis, M.H. and Teng, S.K. 1983. Studies towards the development of mass fingerling production techniques of sobaity (Acanthopagruscuvieri) in Kuwait .Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Annual Research Report for 1983 (KISR 1609): 49-50.
Alwarez-Gonz´alez, C.A., Civera-Cerecedo, R., Ortiz-Galindo, J.L., Dumas, S., Moreno-Legorreta, M. and Grayeb-Del Alamo, T. 2001. Effect of dietary protein level on growth and body composition of juvenile spotted sand bass, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, fed practical diets. Aquacul. 194: 151–159.
AOAC. 1995. 16th edn. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist, vol. I,Washington, DC, USA, 1234 pp.
Biswas, B.K., Svirezhev YM, Bala BK, Wahab MA 2009. Climate change impacts on fish catch in the world fishing grounds. Climatic Change, 93: 117–136.
Cho,C.Y. and Kushik, S.J. 1985. Effect of protein intake on metabolizable and net energy values of fish diets. Nut. and feed. of fish., 51: 4-15.
Cowey, C.B. 1980. Protein and amino acid requirements of finfish. Proceedings of a world symposium sponsored and supported by EFAC of FAO, ICES, IUNS, Hamburg, 20-23 June 1978. Heenemann, Berlin, pp:4-15.
Ghafleh Marammazi, J.; Zabayeh Najafabadi, M. Saghavi, H.; Osooli, A.R.; Zakeri, M. and Eskandari, G. 2012a. Effect of Different Levels of
 
Protein and Fat on Growth, Body Compounds and Reproductive Indicators of Acanthopagrus latus, Iranian fisheries science research institute. 78 pp.
Ghafleh Marammazi, J.; Zabayeh Najafabadi, M.; Sahraeian, M.R.; Saghavi, H.; Osooli, A.R.; Monem, J., Ghavampour, A. and Mohammadi Doost, M. 2012b. The Effect of Different levels of protein and energy on growth indices, food efficiency and chemical composition of the yellow fin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) juvenile, Iranian fisheries science research institute. 40 pp.
Halver, J.E. & Berger, A. 1987. Effect of dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate content on the growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition of striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum) fingerlings. Aquacul. Fish. Manag. 18: 345-356.
Hedayati, A., Sahfahiah, A., Savari, A. and Ghafle Marammazi, J. 2010a. Detection of Mercury Chloride Acute Toxicity in Yellow Fin Sea Bream ( Acanthopagrus latus ). W. J. of Fish and Marine Sci. 2(2): 86-92.
Hedayati, A., Sahfahiah, A., Savari, A. and Ghafle Marammazi, J. 2010b. Assessment of Aminotransferase Enzymes in Yellow Fin Sea Bream ( Acanthopagrus latus ) under Experimental Conditions as Biomarkers of Mercury Pollution. W. J. of Fish and Marine Sci. 2(3): 186-192.
Hedayati, A., Sahfahiah, A., Savari, A. and Ghafle Marammazi, J. 2010c. Detection of Range Finding Test of Mercury Chloride in Yellow Fin Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus latus), Iranica J. of En. & Envir. 1(3): 228-233. 
Hillestad, M. and Johnsen, F. 1994. High-energy low-protein diets for Atlantic salmon effects on growth nutrient retention and slaughter quality. Aquacul. 124: 109–116.
Hung, S. S. O. and Lutes, P. B. 1987. Optimum feeding rate of hatchery-produced juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): at 20 1C. Aquacul. 65: 307-317.
Kang’ombe, J., Likongwe, J. S., Eda H. & Mtimuni, J. P. 2007. Effect of varying dietary energy level on feed intake, feed conversion, whole-body composition and growth of Malawian tilapia, Oreochromis shiranus – Boulenger. Aquacul. Res. 38: 373-380.
Kim, K.W., Wang, X., Choi, S.M., Park, G.J. & Bai S. C. 2004. Evaluation of optimum dietary protein-to-energy ration juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, (Temminck et Schlegel). Aquacul. Res. 35: 250-255.
Lee, S.M., Kim, D. & Cho, S.H. 2002. Effects of dietary protein and lipid level on growth and body composition of juvenile ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) reared in seawater. Aquacul. Nutr. 8: 53–58.
Lee, W. C., Chen, Y.H. & Liao, I.C. 2001. Current issue and adjustment of the Taiwan aquaculture industry. J. of Land Bank of Taiwan, 38. (In Chinese, with English abstract): 17–33
Lee, S.M., Cho, S.H. & Kim, K. 2000. Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. J. W. Aquacul. Soc., 31: 306–315.
Lee, D.J. & Putnam, G.B. 1980. The response of rainbow trout to varying protein and energy ratios in a test diet. J. Nutr., 103: 916– 922.
Lee, D.J. and Putnam, G.B.,1973.The response of rainbow trout to varying protein energy ratios in test diet. J. Nutr.103:916-922.
Lin, Y.H. and Shiau, S.Y. 2003. Dietary lipid requirement of grouper, Epinephlus malabaricus, and effects on immune responses. Aquacul. 225: 243-250.
Lin, j. H. Gui, Y., huny, S. S. O. & Shiau, S. Y. 1997. Effect of feeding strategy and carbohydrate source on carbohydrate utilization By White sturgeon and By Brid tilapia . Aquacul. 148: 201-211.
Luo, Z., Liu, Y. J., Mai, K. S., Tian, L. X., Yang, H. J., Tan, X. Y. & Liu, D. H. 2005. Dietary L-methionine requirement of juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides at constant dietary cystine level. Aquacul. 249: 409-418.
Lupatsch, I., Kissil, G. W. M., Sklan, D. & Pfeffer, E. 2001. Effects of varying dietary protein and energy supply on growth, body composition and protein utilization in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquacul. Nutr. 7: 71- 80.
Mathiz, N., Feidt C. & Brun-Bellut, J. 2003. Influence of protein/energy ratio on carcass quality during the growing period of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) ,Aquacul. 217: 453–464.
Ozorio, R. O. A., Valente, L. M. P., Pousao-Ferreira, P. & Oliva-Teles, A. 2006. Growth performance and composition of white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) juveniles fee diets with different protein and lipid levels. Aquacul. Res. 37: 255-263.
Portz, L., Cyrino, J. E. P. & Martino, R. C. 2001. Growth and body composition of juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in response to dietary protein and energy levels. Aquacul. Nutr.7: 247-254.
Sa´, R., Pousao-Ferreira, P. & Oliva-Teles, A. 2008. Dietary protein requirement of  white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) juveniles. Aquacul. Nutr. 14: 309-317.
Samantaray, K. & Mohanty, S. S. 1997. Interactions of dietary levels of protein and energy on fingerling snakehead, Channa striata. Aquacul. 156: 241– 24.
Saghvi, H.; Moazedi, J.; Hoseini, J.; Mazre-e, S.; Monem, J. and Amiri, 2007. Determination of Sparidentex hasta proliferation in oviposition vessels and larvae up to fingerling, Iranian fisheries science research institute. 47 pp.
Saghavi, H.; Eskandari, G.; Moazedi, J.; Kor, N. and Osooli, A.R, 2010. Investigating the possibility of sex change in Sparidentex hasta, using different levels of estradiol valerate, Iranian fisheries science research institute. 42 pp.
Schulz, C., Huber, M., Ogunji, J. and Rennert,  B. 2008. Effects of varying dietary protein to lipid ratios on growth performance and body composition of juvenile pike perch (Sander lucioperca). Aquacul. Nutr. 14: 166-173.
Sharifpour, I. Soltani, M. Abdulhay, H. and Ghayoumi, M., 2002. Anaesthetic effects of Eugenia caryophyllata extract in different conditions of pH and temperature in common carp (Cyprinuse carpio) juvenile, Iranian scientific fisheries journal, Vol. 11 (4), pp. 59-74
Shearer, K. D. 1994. Factors affecting the proximate composition of cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids. Aquacul. 119: 63-88.
Shiau, S. Y. and Lan., C. W. 1996. The optimal dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio for grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus). World Aquaculture ‘96, Bangkok, Thailand, Jan. 29- Feb. 2, 1996. P: 369.
Silva, P., Andrade, C. A. P., Timoteo, V. M. F. A., Rocha, E. & Valente, L. M. P. 2006.  Dietary protein, growth, nutrient utilization and body composition of juvenile blackspot seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo (Brunnich). Aquacul. Res. 37: 1007-1014.
Silva, S. S. D. E., Gunasekera, R. M., Collins, R. A. & Ingram, B. A. 2002. Performance of juvenile Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell), fed with diets of different protein to energy ratio. Aquacul. Nutr. 8: 79-85.
Teng, S. K., Abdullah, M. A. S., Omair, A. R. and Sabty, A. 1983. Culture of sobaity (Acanthopagrus cuvieri) in floating cages and tanks: growth and survival of the fish fed on pelleted feed versus those on trash fish. Kuwait Institute for Sci. Res., Annual Res. Report for 1983 (KISR 1609): 51-52.
Teng, S. K., Akatsu, S., Al-Abdul-Elah, K. M., El-Zahr, C. R., Downing, N., Al-Marzouk, A. et al., 1981. Spawning, fingerling production and market-size culture of sobaity (Acanthopagrus cuvieri) in Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Annual Research Report for 1981 (KISR-726): 66-71.
Usman R.; Laining, A. & Ahmad, T. 2005. Grouper grow-out feeds research at Maros Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Aquacul. Asia Magazine.10 (1): 42-45.
Wang, Y., Guo, J. l., Li, K. & Bureau, D. P. 2006. Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition of cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides). Aquacul. 252: 421– 428.
Wilkie, M. P. 1997. Mechanisms of ammonia excretion across fish gills. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 118: 39–50.
Zakeri, M. H., Marammazi, J. G., Kochanian, P., Savari, A., Yavari V. & Haghi M. 2009. Effects of Protein and Lipid concentrations in brood stock diets on growth, spawning performance and egg quality of yellow fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus). Aquacul. 295: 99-105.
Zeitler, M. H., Kirchgessner, M. and Schwarz, F. J. 1983. Effect of dietary protein and energy supplier on carcass composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquacul. 36: 37-48.