نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران.

2 قطب بهداشت و بیماری‌های ماهیان گرمابی، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر نانوذرات سلنیوم، منیزیم و ترکیب آنها بر رشد و آنزیم ­های گوارشی ماهی سی­باس آسیایی با میانگین وزنی 1/16±32/78 گرم به مدت 42 روز انجام گرفت. پس از سازگاری با شرایط آزمایشی، 96 ماهی به صورت کاملا تصادفی در 12 تانک استوانه­ای فایبرگلاس 300 لیتری به تعداد مساوی توزیع شدند. 4 تیمار شامل تیمار کنترل، تیمار  mg/kg4 نانوسلنیوم، تیمار  mg/kg 500 نانومنیزیم و تیمار ترکیبی mg/kg 4 نانوسلنیوم و mg/kg 500 نانومنیزیم، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ماهیان روزانه در حد سیری و تا حد 3% وزن بدن، در دو وعده تغذیه شدند. نمونه ­های مورد نیاز جهت سنجش شاخص ­های رشد و آنزیم ­های گوارشی در انتهای دوره جمع ­آوری شدند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که در ماهیان تغذیه شده با تیمار ترکیبی، بالاترین میزان افزایش وزن بدن به میزان 58/26 ±33/131 درصد و نرخ رشد ویژه، به میزان 28/0 ±08/2 درصد به روز، را نشان داد که با تیمار کنترل (به ترتیب 21/26±65/65 و 32/0 ±23/1)، دارای اختلاف معنی­داری بود (P<0/05). نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که آنزیم­های گوارشی آلکالین فسفاتاز، لیپاز، تریپسین و کیموتریپسین بین تیمارهای آزمایشی اختلاف معنی ­داری داشتند (05/0P<)، به­ طوری­که بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم آلکالین فسفاتاز در تیمار نانوسلنیوم (U/mg protein 00/82±06/611)، و بیشترین میزان آنزیم ­های لیپاز (U/mg protein 03/0±86/0)، تریپسین (U/mg protein 0/001±0/0540) و کیموتریپسین (U/mg protein 004/0±214/0) در تیمار نانومنیزیم مشاهده گردید (0/05<P)، در­صورتی­که آنزیم آمیلاز بین تیمارهای آزمایشی اختلاف معنی­داری را نشان نداد (05/0P>). نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که افزودن نانوذرات سلنیوم و منیزیم به جیره غذایی ماهی سی­باس آسیایی دارای اثرات مثبت بر رشد و آنزیم­های گوارشی بوده و با توجه به نتایج حاصله پیشنهاد داد که می­توان از مکمل نانوذارت منیزیم (mg/kg500) به تنهایی و یا به صورت ترکیبی با نانوذارت سلنیوم (mg/kg 4 نانوسلنیوم و mg/kg 500 نانومنیزیم) در جیره غذایی ماهی سی­باس آسیایی استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

Adkins, R.S., Ewan, R.C. 1984. Effect of Supplemental Selenium on Pancreatic Function and Nutrient Digestibility in the Pig. Journal of animal Science, 58(2), pp. 351-355. doi: 10.2527/jas1984.582351x.  
Afshar Mazandaran, N. 2002. Practical guidance of nutrition and nutrients and medications in aquatic animals in Iran. Noorbakhsh Publication, 216 p. (In Persian).
Arshadi, A., Yavari, V., Oujifard, A., Mousavi, S.M. 2016. Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Nucleotide on Growth and Haemolymph Biochemical Parameters of FemaleLitopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) during Maturation and Eyestalk Ablation, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 15(2), pp. 115-129. Doi: 10.22113/jmst.2016.33390. (In Persian).
Asadi, T., Zanguee, N., Mousavi, S.M., Yavari, V. 2016. Effects of ginger extract on some hematological and serological parameters and growth performance in Barbus sharpeyi. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 15(1), pp. 100-110. https://doi.org/ 10.22113/jmst.2016.9570. (In Persian).
Ashouri, S., Keyvanshokooh, S., Salati, A.P., Johari, S.A., Pasha-Zanoosi, H. 2015. Effects of different levels of dietary selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, muscle composition, blood biochemical profiles and antioxidant status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture, 446, pp. 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.04.021
Biswas, S.P. 1993. Manual of methods in fish biology. South Asian Publishers, New Delhi, 157P.
Cai, S.J., Wu, C.X., Gong, L.M., Song, T., Wu, H., Zhang, L.Y. 2012. Effects of nano-selenium on performance, meat quality, immune function, oxidation resistance, and tissue selenium content in broilers. Poultry Science, 91, pp. 2532–2539. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02160.
Caruso, G., Denaro, M.G., Genoves, L. 2009. Digestive enzyme in some teleost species of interest for Mediterranean Aquaculture. The Open Fish Science Journal. 2, pp. 74-86. doi: 10.2174/1874401X00902010074.
Ciardullo, S., Aureli, F., Raggi, A., Cubadda, F. 2010. Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish: Focus on extraction and mass balance. Talanta. 81 (1-2), pp. 213–221. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.11.060.
Deguara, S., Jauncey, K., Agius, C. 2003. Enzyme activities and pH variation in the digestive tract of gilthead seabream. Journal of Fish Biology, 62, pp. 1033-1043. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00094.x
Eisler, R. 2000. Handbook of chemical risk assessment: health hazards to humans, plants, and animals. Vol. 3. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Elia, A.C., Prearo, M., Pacini, N., Dorr, A.J.M., Abete, M.C. 2011. Effects of selenium diets on growth, accumulation and antioxidant response in juvenile carp. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 74(2), pp. 166-173. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.04.006.
EL-movafi, A.F.A., Maage, A. 1998. Magnesium requirement of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr in seawater-treated fresh water. Aquaculture Nutrition, 4, pp. 31-38. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00100.x.
Fernandez, I., Moyano, F.J., Diaz, M., Martinez, T. 2001. Characterization of α-amylase activity in five species of Mediterranean sparid fish (Sparidae, Teleostei). Journal of Experimental Marin Biology and Ecology. 262, pp. 1-12. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(01)00228-3.
Fischbach, F., Zawta, B. 1992. Age-dependent reference limits of several enzymes in plasma at different measuring temperatures. Kiln Lab, 38, pp. 555-561
Ghavam Pour, A. 2018. Introduction in Sea Bass aquaculture, classification and history, Iranian Fisheries Research Center, 42 p. (In Persian).
Graca, L., Chen, T.C., Le Moine, A. 2005. Dominant tolerance: activation thresholds for peripheral generation of regulatory T cells. Trends Immunol, 26, pp. 130-135. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2004.12.007.
Han, D., Xie, S., Liu, M., Xiao, X., Liu, H., Zhu, X., Yang, Y. 2011. The effects of dietary selenium on growth performances, oxidative stress and tissue selenium concentration of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17 (3), pp. e741–e749. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13652095.2010.00841.x
Henkel, E, Morich S, Henkel, R. 1984. 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-B-D-maltohepataoside: A New substrate for the Determination of a-Amylase in Serum and Urine. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 22(7). pp. 489-496. doi: 10.1515/cclm.1984.22.7.489.
Hofer, R., Kock, G. 1989. Method of quantitative determination of digestive enzyme in fish larvea. Poiskie Archiwum Hydrobio. 36, pp. 439-441.
Hosseinzadeh Sahhafi, H., Nafari Yazdi, M. 2014. Growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with respect to nutritional factors in north Iran (Haraz River). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13(3), pp. 509-521. doi: 20.1001.1.156229 16.2014.13.3.1.5.
Houston, A.H. 1985. Magnesium 4, pp. 106.
Hummel, B.C.W. 1959. A modified spectrophotometric determination of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and thrombin. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37, pp. 1393-1399.
Ilham, I., Siddik, M.A., Fotedar, R. 2016. Effects of Organic Selenium Supplementation on Growth, Accumulation, Haematology and Histopathology of Juvenile Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) Fed High Soybean Meal Diets. Biological Trace Element Research. 174(2), pp. 436-447. doi: 10.1007/s12011-016-0708-1.
Ilham, I., Fotedar, R. 2016. Growth, enzymatic glutathione peroxidase activity and biochemical status of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fed dietary fermented soybean meal and organic selenium. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 43(3), pp. 775-790. doi: 10.1007/s10695-016-0331-2.
Jaramillo, F. Jr., Peng, Li., Gatlin, D.M. 2009. Selenium nutrition of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) bioavailability, toxicity and interaction with vitamin E. Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(2), pp. 160-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00579.x
Jonase, E., Ragyanszki, M., Olah, J., Boros, L. 1983. Proteolytic digestive enzymes of carnivorus (Silurus glanis), Herbivorus (Hypophthalmictys molitrix) and the omnivore (Cyprinus carpio) fishes. Aquaculture. 30, pp.145-154.
Kuzmina, V.V. 1996. Influence of age on some digestive enzymes activity in some freshwater teleosts. Aquaculture. 148(1), pp. 25-37. doi:
Lan, C.C., Pan, B.S. 1999. In vitro digestibility simulating the proteolysis of feed protein in the midgut gland of grass shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture. 109, pp. 59-70.
Lemieux, H., Blier, P.U., Dutil, J.D. 1999. Do digestive enzymes set physiological limitation growth rate and food conversion efficiency in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)? Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 20, pp. 293-303. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A: 1007791019523.
Liang, J.J., Tian, L.X., Liu, Y.J., Yang, H.J., Liang G.Y. 2012. Dietary magnesium requirement and effects on growth and tissue magnesium content of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture Nutrition, 18, pp. 56-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00 876.x.
Lin, Y.H., Shiau, S.Y. 2005. dietary selenium requirement of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus). Aquaculture, 250(1), pp. 356-363.
Lin, Y.H., Ku, Ch.Y., Shiau, Sh.Y. 2013. Estimation of dietary magnesium requirements of juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus, reared in freshwater and seawater. Aquaculture, 380-384(4), pp. 47-51. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.11.034.
Liu, K., Wang, X.J., Ai, Q., Mai, K., Zhang, W. 2010. Dietary selenium requirement for juvenile cobia (Rachycetron canadum). Aquaculture Research. 41(10), pp. 594-601. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02562.x.
Lorentzen, M., Maage, A., Julshamn, K. 1994. Effects of dietary selenite or selenomethionine on tissue selenium levels of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 121 (4), pp. 359–367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90270-4.
Lunstedt, L.M., Melo, J.F.B., Moraes, G. 2004. Digestive enzymes and metabolical profle of Pseudoplastisoma coruscans (Teleostei: Siluriforms) in respons to diet composition. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 137, pp. 331-339. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2003.12.003.
Mohammadi Azarm, H., Abedian Kenari, A.M., Hedayat, M. 2012. Effect of dietary phospholipid sources and levels on growth performance, enzymes activity, cholecystokinin and lipoprotein Fractions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fry. Aquaculture Research, 44, pp. 634-644. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.03068.x.
Morshedi, V., Nafisi Bahabadi, M., Azodi, M., Modaresi, M., Cheraghi, S. 2015. Effects of dietary probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) on body composition, serum biochemical parameters and liver enzymes of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790). Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 14(2), pp. 1-14. doi: 20.1001.1.20088965.1397.17.2.4.5. (In Persian).
Movahedian, R., Zakeri, M., Kochanian, P., Mousavi, S.M., Taghavi Moghadam, A. 2016. Gastric enzymes activity under different levels of methionine and lysine supplementation in diets of juveniles of Sparidentex hasta. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 25(2), pp. 93-97. doi: 20.1001.1.10261354.1395.25.2.16.8. (In Persian).
Nazari, K., Shamsaei Mehrjan, M., Eila, N., Sharif Pour, E., Kamali, A. 2017. Effects of organic and inorganic selenium on growth, hematological and immunological parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 26(3), pp. 129-138. doi: 10.22092/ISFJ.2017.113528. (In Persian).
Nya, E.J., Austin, B. 2011. Development of immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) to Aeromonas hydriphila after the dietary application of garlic. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 30(3), pp. 845-850. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.01.008.  
Ozmen, I., Bayir, A., Cengiz, M., Sirkecioglu, A.N., Atamanalp. M. 2004. Effects of water reuse system on antioxidant enzymes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W., 1792). Vet. Med. Czech., 49 (10), pp. 373-378. doi: 10.17221/5726-VETMED.
Phromkunthong, W., Boonyaratpalin, V., Starch, V. 1997. Different concentrations of ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-magnesium as dietary sources of vitamin C for seabass, Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture. 151, pp. 225–243.
Rimmer, M.A. 1995. Barramundi Farming – An Introduction. Queensland Department of Primary Industries Information Series, QI95020. 26 pp. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia.
Rimmer, M.A. 2003. Barramundi. In: J.S. Lucas & P.C. Southgate (eds), Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants, pp. 364-381. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, England. pp. 364–381.
Rimmer, M.A., Russell, D.J. 1998. Aspects of the Biology and Culture of Lates calcarifer. In: S.S. De Silva (ed.). Tropical Mariculture, Academic Press, London England. pp. 449–476.
Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K., Moss, R., Andersen, L., Berg, A., Waagbo, R. 2006. Different expressions of trypsin and chymotrypsin in relation to growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 32, pp. 7-23. doi: 10.1007/s10695-005-0630-5.
Seenappa, D., Devaraj, K.V. 1995. Effect of different level of protein, fat and carbohydrate on growth, feed utilization and body carcass composition of fingerlings in Catla catla. Aquaculture. 129, pp. 243-249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)00273-Q.
Seiedi, J., Kalbassi, M.R. 2017. Effects of different levels of diet nano selenium (Nano-Se) on growth and gonad quality indices and seminal plasma antioxidants in male goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio). Aquatic Physiology and Biotechnology, 5(2), pp. 68-80. doi: 10.22124/japb.2017.2406. (In Persian).
Thomas, L. 1998. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics.1st ed. Frankfurt: TH- bookverlagsgesellschaft: 192-202.
Wang, H.L., Zhang, J.S., Yu, H.Q. 2007. Elemental selenium at nano size possesses lower toxicity without compromising the fundamental effect on selenoenzymes: Comparison with selenomethionine in mice. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 42, pp. 1524–1533. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.013.
Wang, F.B., Lu, O.L., Lin, S.M., Li, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y.G., Wen, H., Hu, C.J. 2011. Dietary magnesium requirements of juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Aquaculture Nutrition. 7, pp. 691–700. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00829.x
Worthington, C.C. 1991. Enzyme manual related Biochemical. 3th Edition. Freehold, New jersey, pp. 212-215.
Yan, T., Teo, L.H., Sin, Y.M. 1996. Effects of metals on α-amylase activity in the digestive gland of the green mussel, Perna viridis L. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 56(4), pp. 677- 682. doi: 0.1007/s001289900099.
Ye, C.X., Tian, L.X., Mai, K.S., Yang, H.J., Niu, J., Liu, Y.J. 2010. Dietary magnesium did not affect calcium and phosphorus content in juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Aquaculture Nutrition, 4, pp. 378-384. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095. 2009. 00 675.x.
Zhang, J.S., Wang, X.F., Xu, T.W. 2008. Elemental selenium at nano size (nano-Se) as a potential chemopreventive agent with reduced risk of selenium toxicity: Comparison with Se-methylselenocysteine in mice. Toxicol. Sci. 101, pp. 22–31. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm221.
Zhang, C.X., Huang, F., Li, J., Wang, L., Song, K., Mai, K.S. 2016. Interactive effects of dietary magnesium and vitamin E on growth performance, Body composition, blood parameters and antioxidant status in Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japanicus). Aquaculture Nutrition, 22, pp. 708-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12393 .