نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر

چکیده

در دهه اخیر استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان محرک رشد و ایمنی در ماهیان پرورشی رو به افزایش است. در این مطالعه، اثرات عصاره ی گیاه زنجبیل (Zingiber officinale) بر رشد و پارامترهای خونی در ماهی انگشت قد بنی (Barbus sharpeyi) ((Gunther, 1874. مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. به این منظور عصاره ی زنجبیل با مقادیر صفر (گروه کنترل)، 1/0 درصد، 5/0 درصد و 1 درصد به غذای پایه اضافه گردید. ماهی ها روزانه سه بار به میزان 3 درصد وزن بدن به مدت 8 هفته غذادهی شدند. در پایان دوره آزمایش، زیست سنجی انجام گرفت و نمونه های خون از ساقه ی دمی ماهیان جمع آوری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن عصاره زنجبیل به جیره تاثیر معنی داری بر روی شاخص های رشد (WG و SGR) ندارد (p ≥ 0.05). از طرفی، سطوح مختلف عصاره زنجبیل می تواند به طور معنی داری تعداد گلبول های سفید خون و هماتوکریت را افزایش دهد. همچنین فعالیت لیزوزیم سرم خون، پروتئین کل سرم و آلبومین بعد از استفاده از عصاره زنجبیل به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت (p ≤ 0.05). بر پایه نتایج بدست آمده از این مطالعه، عصاره ی زنجبیل می تواند به عنوان محرک ایمنی در ماهی بنی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

بنایی، م.، میرواقفی، ع.، رفیعی، غ. و گومیل، آ. س. 1389. تاثیر تجویز خوراکی سیلی مارین بر روی فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی خون قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss). نشریه شیلات، مجله منابع طبیعی ایران، دوره 63، شماره 4، صفحه 286-271.
زرگری، ع. 1384. گیاهان دارویی. جلد چهارم، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، چاپ ششم، 97صفحه.
رجحان، م. ص. 1387. دارو و درمان گیاهی. انتشارات فرهیختگان علوی، چاپ پنجم، صفحه 287.
محمدی، ر.، و معطر، ف. 1386. فعالیت ضد قارچی اسانس زنجبیل علیه ایزوله های بالینی واژینال کاندیدا آلبیکنس مقاوم به فلوکونازول. فصلنامه گیاهان دارویی، سال ششم، دوره چهارم، شماره مسلسل بیست و چهارم، صفحات 25-22.
 
 
Abo-Esa, J.F.K
 
. 2008. Study on Some Ectoparasitic Diseases of Catfish, Clarias gariepinus with their Control by Ginger, Zingiberofficial. Mediterranean Aquacult. 1(1): 1-9.
Ali, A. and Al-Asgah, N.A. 2001. Effect of feeding diffeent carbohydrate to lipid ratios on the growth performance and body composition of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Anim.Res. 50: 91-100.
Aqarwal, M., walia, S., Dhinqra, S. and Khambay, B.p. 2001. Insect growth inhibition, antifeedant and antifungal activity of compounds isolated from Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizomes. Pest Manag. Sci., 57 (3): 289-300.
Asadi, M.S., Mirvaghefei, A.R., Nematollahi, M.A., Banaee, M. and Ahmadi, K. 2012.Effects of Watercress (Nasturtium nasturtium) extract on selected immunological parameters of rainbow trout. (Oncorhynchus mykiss). O.V Journal, 2: 32-39.
Chang, Y.P., Liu, C.H, Wu, C.C., Chiang, C.M., Lian, J.L. and Hsieh, S.L. 2012. Dietary administration of zingerone to enhance growth, non-specific immune response, and resistance
 
to Vibrio alginolyticus in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 32: 284-290.
Choi, S.H., Park, K.H., Yoon, T.J., Kim, J.B., Jang, S.H. and Choe, C.H. 2008. Dietary Korean mistletoe enhances cellular non-specific immune responses and survival of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 24: 67-73.
Christybapita, D., Divyagnaneswari, M. and Michael, R.D. 2007. Oral administration of Eclipta alba leaf aqueous extract enhances the non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 23: 840-852.
Desouky, H.E., Asely, A.E., Shaheen, A.A. and Abbass, A. 2012. Effects of Zingiberofficinalis and Cynodon dactylon on the Growth Performance and Immune Parameters of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, World J. Fish & Marine Sci 4(3): 301-307.
Divyagnaneswari, M., Christybapita, D. and Michael, R.D. 2007. Enhancement of nonspecific immunity and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus by Solanum trilobatum leaf fractions. Fish Shellfish Immunol.23: 249-259.
Du, Z.Y., Liu, Y.J., Tian, L.X., Wang, J.T., Wang, Y. and Liang, G.Y. 2005. Effect of dietary lipid level on growth, feed utilization and body composition by juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngdon idella). Aquacult. Nutrition, 11: 139-146.
Dugenci, S.K., Arda, N. and Cand, A. 2003.Some medicinal plants as immune- stimulants for fish. J Ethnopharmacol, 88: 99–106.
Ellis, A.E.1990. Lysozyme assay. In: Stolen, J.S., Fletcher, D.P., Anderson, B.S., Robertson, B.S. (Eds.), Techniques in Fish Immunology. SOS Publication, Fair Haven, New Jersey, pp.101-103.
Feldman, B.F., Zinkl, J.G. and Jain, N.C. 2000. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 1120-1124.
Gatlin, D.M. 2002. Nutrition and Fish health, In: Halver, J, E. and Hardy, R.W. (Eds), Fish Nutrition., Academic Press. San Diego California, USA, 671-702.
Gunther, A. 1874. A Contribution to the fauna of the river Tigris. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4), 14(79):36-38.
Harikrishnan, R., Kim, J.S., Kim, M.C., Dharaneedharan, S., Kim, D.H. and Hong, S.H. et al., 2012. Effect of dietary supplementation with Suaeda maritima on blood physiology, innate immune response, and disease resistance in olive flounder against Miamiensis avidus, Exp. Parasitol., 131; 195–203.
Hernandez, L.H.H., Teshima, S.i., Koshio, S., Ishikawa, M. and Tanaka, Y.M.S. 2007. Alam Effects of vitamin A on growth, serum anti-bacterial activity and transaminase activities in the juvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus Aquacult. , 262: 444–450.
Houston, A.H. 1990. Blood and circulation. In: Schreck CB, Moyle PB (eds) Methods in fish biology. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland, pp. 273-335.
Immanuel, G., Uma, R.P., Lyapparaj, P., Citarasu, T., Peter, SM. and Babu, M.M. 2009. Dietary medicinal plant extracts improve growth, immune activity and survival of tilapia (Oreoclromis mossambicus). J. Fish Biol., 74: 1462-75. Iwama, G. and Nakanishi, T. 1996. The fish immune system .Academic Press, London. Chapter 3: innate Immunity in fish, pp. 73-114.
Jiang, H., Xie, Z., Koo, H.J., McLaughlin, S.P., Timmermann, B.N. and Gang, D.R. 2006. Metabolic profiling and phylogenetic analysis of medicinal Zingiber species: Tools for authentication of ginger (Zingiber officinaleRosc.). Phytochemistry. 67: 1673–1685.
Kumar, S., Sahu, N.P., Pal, A.K., Choudhury, D.,Yengkokpam, S. and Mukherjee, S.C. 2005. Effect of dietary carbohydrate on haematology, respiratory burst activity and histological changes in Labeo rohita juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 19: 331-344.
Lyu, S.Y., Park, S.M., Choung, B. and Park, W.B. 2000. comparative study of korean misteloe (Viscom album) var. coloratum and European mistletoe (Viscom album). Archives of Pharmacol Res.23: 562-8.
Mentle, D., Lennard, T.W. and Pickering, A.T. 2000. Therapeutic applications of medicinal plants in the treatment of breast cancer: a review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev, 19: 223-240.
Muniruzzaman, M. and Chowdhury, M.B.R. 2004. Sensitivity of Pathogenic Bacteria to various medicinal Herbs, Bangladesh J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2(1): 75-82.
Murray, M. 1995. The healing power of herbs, 2nd Edn., Prima Publishing, Roseville, CALIFORNIA.
Nanasombat, S. and Lohasupthawee, P. 2005. Antibacterial Activity of Crude Ethanolic Extracts and Essential oils of Spices Against Saimonellae And other Enterobacterial, Kmitel Scienceand Technology. Journal. Voloum. 5 No. 3 July. – December.
Punitha, S.M.J., Babu, M.M., Sivaram, V., Shankar, V.S., Dhas, S.A., Mahesh, T.C. et al., 2008. Immunostimulating influence of herbal biomedicines on nonspecific immunity in Grouper Epinephelus tauvina juvenile against Vibrio harveyi infection. Aquacult. 16: 511–523.
Rehulka, J. 2000. Influence of astaxanthin on growth rate, condition, and some blood indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacult. , 190: 27-47.
Sahoo, P.K., Mohanty, J. and Mukherjee, S.C. 1999. The three imuunomodulators on haemotological parameters and immunity level in rohu (Labeorohita) fingerlings. Journal of Aquacult. in the tropics, 14: 127–135.
Sakai, M. 1999. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquacult. 172: 63-92.
Singh, V.k. and Singh, S. 1999. Effect of active molluscicdal component of species on different enzyme activities and biogenic amine levels in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. Phytother Res. 13 (8): 649-654.
Sitija-Bobadila, A., Palenzuela, O. and Alvarez-Pllitero, P. 2008. Imune response of turbot, Pstta maxima (L.) (Pisces: Teleostei), to formalin-Killed scuticociliates (Cilifora) and adjuvanted formulations. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 24: 1-10.
Stolen, J. and Vanmuiswinkel, W. 2000. Techniques in fish Immunology. Secretary of State Publication. 470 pp.
Talpur, A.D. and Ikhwanuddin, M. 2012. Dietary effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on haemato-immunological parameters, survival, growth, and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi infection in Asian sea bass, lates calcarifer (Bloch), Aquacult. 364-365: 6–12.
Thanikachalam, k., Kasi, M. and Rathinam, X. 2010. Effect of garlic peel on growth, hematological parameters and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Bloch) fingerlings. APJTM. 614-618.
Thrall, M.A. 2004. Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins USA, 556, pp. Toxicol. 46, 409-420. Thomas L., 1998, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. Lsl ed. Frankfort: TH-Books Verlagsgesellschaft, P: 652-6.
Venkataramalingam, K., Godwin, C.J. and Citarasu, T. 2007. Zingiberofficinalis, an herbal appetizer in the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) larviculture. Aquacult. Nutrition. 13: 439-43.
Verpoorte, R., Heijden, V.D.R., Hoopen, H.J.G. and Memlink, J. 1999. Metabolite pathways for the production of fine chemhcals. Biotechnol. Lett., 21: 467-479.
Wang, H. and Nq, T. 2005. An antifungal protein from ginger rhizomes. Biochemistry. Research. Community, 336 (1): 100 – 104.
Zarkovic, N., Vukovic, T., Loncaric, I., Miletic, M., Zarkovic, K. and Borovic, S. et al., 2001. An overview on anticancer activities of the Viscum album extract Isorel. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm.
16: 55-62.