علوم غیر‌زیستی دریا
Minoo Pouraghabarar; Mojtaba S. Taleshi; Mohammad Javad Chaichi
Abstract
The mineral resources of the Caspian Sea attract the most attention and this region been one of the most significant geopolitical and economic centers in Eurasia. The utilization of valuable minerals will have a significant effect on the economic development of the region. The sea is a rich source of ...
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The mineral resources of the Caspian Sea attract the most attention and this region been one of the most significant geopolitical and economic centers in Eurasia. The utilization of valuable minerals will have a significant effect on the economic development of the region. The sea is a rich source of lithium; its analysis in the Caspian Sea has been evaluated using the flame atomic emission spectroscopy as a simple, fast and reliable method with high accuracy and sensitivity. In this study, water samples were collected from estuaries, surface and depth waters of Babolsar, Mahmoudabad, Freydonkenar in the central southern coast of the Caspian Sea. After sample treatments, the lithium in water samples was measured by standard addition and atomic emission spectrophotometer. The average amount of lithium were determined in estuaries: 15.3±1.1, 14.6±2.2 and 42.3±3.3 µgL-1, in surface waters: 181.7±60.9, 220.0±28.0 and 222.2±10.8 µgL-1, in depth waters 143.7±1.8, 175.8±4.2 and 196.2±5.2 µgL-1 in stations Babolsar, Freydonkenar and Mahmoudabad respectively. The results show that concentration of lithium is reduced with increasing distance from the coastline. The difference between lithium concentration in surface and depth waters have not showed a significant difference in three stations.
علوم زیستی دریا
Masoomeh Nateghzadeh; Soheila Matroodi; Kamahldin Haghbeen
Abstract
Antioxidant used for chronic disease as treatment and for repalcing artificial antioxidant with natural antioxidant; To investigate antioxidant activity, we used marine actinomycetes as an important resources of bioactive compounds.. In this study, for phylogenetic analysis of 15 marine actinomycetes ...
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Antioxidant used for chronic disease as treatment and for repalcing artificial antioxidant with natural antioxidant; To investigate antioxidant activity, we used marine actinomycetes as an important resources of bioactive compounds.. In this study, for phylogenetic analysis of 15 marine actinomycetes isolated from Deylam intertidal sediments, 16S rDNA sequences were used. In addition, the total phenolic content (TPC) was determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent using gallic acid as a standard and the results were expressed as mM of gallic acid. Then, the antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined by analytical methods, ferric reducing antioxidants power (FRAP). The antioxidant potential of the crude extracts exhibited strong ferric reducing power activity at 517nm and the reducing power activity was strongly correlated with the total phenolics content of the isolates. Among the tested isolates, AHA1 (1419 µM) and AMJ1 (608.8 ) showed the hieghest and lowest total phenolic content, respectivly. Moreover AHA3 and AMJ5 (230.66 and 75.57µM) showed the highest and lowest reducing power, respectivly. These strains showed acceptable antioxidant activity and could be good candidates for more studies as nature resources of pharmaceutical antioxidant compound.
علوم انسانی دریا
Milad Hooshmand Chaijani; Morteza Soltani; Mohsen Akbari
Abstract
Emerging economies today see the path of development in expanding their activities towards internationalization. Expanding the boundaries of competition has led businesses to focus more on expanding their operations internationally, and factors such as export performance have become a target for many ...
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Emerging economies today see the path of development in expanding their activities towards internationalization. Expanding the boundaries of competition has led businesses to focus more on expanding their operations internationally, and factors such as export performance have become a target for many businesses. In this regard, free zones are dynamic and economic areas that have provided a way to better support businesses by providing support resources. Business networking and the formation of business groups have also created a framework for cooperation and development of competitive capabilities for companies in these economies. To this end, relying on a relationship-based strategic approach, this research examines a set of intra-firm factors, inter-firm factors and external factors were analyzed to examine the export performance of companies operating in the context of the free zone with a network-based perspective (relation view). To fit the research model, a sample of 151 companies active in the Anzali Free Trade-Industrial Zone was selected and surveyed using questionnaire and structural equation modeling technique (using smart PLS software). The results confirm the influence of each of the intra-firm, inter-firm and external factors on export performance. Also, the moderating effect of political relations in the research model was significant only in relation to external factors on export performance, and in other relations it was not confirmed at 95% significance level.
علوم زیستی دریا
m h; i gh
Abstract
به منظور پایش زمین شیمی پهنه کارون-اروند و بررسی پیامدهای زیستی ناهنجاری‌های احتمالی به ویژه در خلیج فارس، فراوانی شاخص‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی، عناصر اصلی و برخی آنیون‌های ...
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به منظور پایش زمین شیمی پهنه کارون-اروند و بررسی پیامدهای زیستی ناهنجاری‌های احتمالی به ویژه در خلیج فارس، فراوانی شاخص‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی، عناصر اصلی و برخی آنیون‌های فرعی 33 نمونه گردآوری شده از 6 مقطع حوضه کاون-اروند با بهره‌گیری از روش‌های تیتراسیون و فتومتر شعله‌ای تعیین گردید. بر اساس داده‌های حاصل کمترین و بیشترین فراوانی T.D.S و سختی کل به ترتیب در مقاطع ایذه-باغملک ( 66/355 و 239 ppm) و آبادان (5/2867 و 825 ppm) مشاهده می‌گردد. PH رودخانه نیز در تمامی طول مسیر، تغییر شاخصی نشان نمی‌دهد. میانگین سالانه فراوانی عناصر مختلف نیز عبارتند از: Cl=507.92 > Na=324.72 > S=323.3 > Ca=122.86 > K=3.75. بررسی شاخص‌های محیطی تأیید می-کند که شرایط اقلیمی و زمین‌شناسی به ویژه در نواحی مرکزی و جنوبی، سهم به سزایی در افزایش حجم ذرات معلق، سختی کل و فراوانی Na، Ca و S دارد. فعالیت های انسان‌زاد به خصوص پساب کارخانه صابون‌سازی خرمشهر را می توان مؤثرترین عامل افزایش غلظت Cl در مقاطع خرمشهر و آبادان برشمرد. ضریب بالای همبستگی (>9/0) عناصر قلیایی با سختی کل، نشان از رژیم کربناته آب پهنه کارون-اروند در بسیاری از مقاطع دارد که این امر نیز از بستر آهکی-تبخیری آن ناشی می شود. با وجود افینیته‌ی قوی فلزات قلیایی نظیر سدیم و پتاسیم به فسفات، .
علوم انسانی دریا
j s; Elham Alahyari
Abstract
As compared to other transportation modes, maritime transportation is economically cost-effective. Presently, with the existing traffic congestion of coastal ports and in order to promote maritime transportation, dry ports are the best option. This study attempts to investigate and recommend the effective ...
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As compared to other transportation modes, maritime transportation is economically cost-effective. Presently, with the existing traffic congestion of coastal ports and in order to promote maritime transportation, dry ports are the best option. This study attempts to investigate and recommend the effective strategies for operationalising dry ports in Iran through SWOT model. The research has used the Delphi method for survey and analyses. Questionnaires were used as the main instrument for data collection and measurement of variables in this research. The research target population was assumed unlimited and the number of sample was found to be 96. First, internal and external factors affecting the operation of dry ports were identified, and then factors were prioritised to determine their position in SWOT matrix by using SWOT analysis. According to the weights obtained from internal and external factors evaluation matrix, growth strategy was suggested for the operation of dry ports.
علوم انسانی دریا
Mahnaz Rashidi; Ali Mashhadi
Abstract
Mnemiopsis leidyi in Caspian Sea is an example of invasive alien species that was moved to Caspian Sea by ballast water of ships through Volga- Don canal in the 1990th decade. This Plankton-eating species put many of creatures of Caspian Sea such as Common Kilkas, Sturgeons and Caspian seals at risk ...
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Mnemiopsis leidyi in Caspian Sea is an example of invasive alien species that was moved to Caspian Sea by ballast water of ships through Volga- Don canal in the 1990th decade. This Plankton-eating species put many of creatures of Caspian Sea such as Common Kilkas, Sturgeons and Caspian seals at risk of distinction by disrupting the food chain. Due to the hard environmental and economic impacts of invasive alien species, the main question of this research is what obligations does international law impose on the Caspian coastal states to manage such species? In response, by using descriptive- analytical method and library resources, it was concluded that the Islamic Republic of Iran and other countries along Caspian Sea have become members of some global and regional environmental agreements which explicitly or implicitly, assigns them obligations on prevention, control and elimination of alien invasive species. International customary rules and general legal principles also impose obligations on these states to take preventive, precautionary and control measures. Violations any of primary obligations by countries or causing damage, can lead to the international responsibility of offending state or causing damage state. Therefore, international law is not challenged about existence of binding rules regarding the management of invasive alien species in Caspian Sea, but effective implementation of these rules requires further cooperation between member states.
علوم انسانی دریا
azita hajizadeh; Seyed Nasser saeidi; amer kaabi; homayoun yousefi; mostafa zaredoost
Abstract
The aim of this study, is evaluating of relative efficiency of major container port in Middle East for the period of 2011-2013. Required information was collected from scientific resources and inputs and outputs data were collected from statistical yearbook of the Iran’s ports and maritime organization ...
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The aim of this study, is evaluating of relative efficiency of major container port in Middle East for the period of 2011-2013. Required information was collected from scientific resources and inputs and outputs data were collected from statistical yearbook of the Iran’s ports and maritime organization and formal website of each foreign port. Firstly in this study Relative Efficiency of Ports were evaluated via one basic model of DEA-technique namely BCC-O. Then ports were ranked based on the achieved results. To rank ports with the 100% efficiency Anderson-peterson method was used. Based on the results of output- oriented CCR model that represents overall technical efficiency, port of Khorafkan, has the highest coefficient of efficiency and Bandar Imam Khomeini has been the weakest port in three years in this respect. The average efficiency of studied ports is 54.3% in the period of 2011-2013. Finally, virtual ports were proposed as template for inefficient ports to improve efficiency.
علوم زیستی دریا
alireza safahieh; yaqub jaddi; abdol ali movahedinia; ali hallajian; sohrab dajandian
Abstract
The actue toxicity test was performed instatic renewal system based on the standared method Proposed by OECD during 96 h, in which physicochemical parameters of test water including pH, dissolved oxygen and Temprature were daily monitored. to determine the lethal range of diazinon of fish a range finding ...
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The actue toxicity test was performed instatic renewal system based on the standared method Proposed by OECD during 96 h, in which physicochemical parameters of test water including pH, dissolved oxygen and Temprature were daily monitored. to determine the lethal range of diazinon of fish a range finding test was carried out in aquariums coutaing 10 L of test solution. The acute toxicity test was then preformed in 5 treatment in triplicats. The obtained data were analyzed using probit analysis with %5 confidence limit. acording to the results, 24 h LC50, 48 h LC50, 72 h LC50 and 96 h LC50 of diazinon on common seabream was 10/974, 10/391, 9/134 and 7/316 respectively. The Maxium Acceptable Toxicant Concentration (MATC) of diazinon on common seabream was 0/073 mg/l and the Lowest observed effect concentration wich is equal to 96 h LC50 was 2.63 mg/l. The results indicated that compared to other fishes is more resistant against diazinon . in addition diazinon lethal toxicity takes place in a waide range of toxicant concentration.
علوم زیستی دریا
shafa hoveizavi; Babak Doustshenas; Gholamreza Eskandari; Ahmad Savari; Hossein Mohammadasgari
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to describe and estimate the seasonal pattern of discard fish in the waters of the Persian Gulf coasts in Khuzestan. sampling was carried out Monthly by using fishing boats in the waters of Khuzestan province for one year in fishing areas of Lifeh, Boseif, Khure-mussa ...
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The main purpose of this study was to describe and estimate the seasonal pattern of discard fish in the waters of the Persian Gulf coasts in Khuzestan. sampling was carried out Monthly by using fishing boats in the waters of Khuzestan province for one year in fishing areas of Lifeh, Boseif, Khure-mussa and Bahrakan.Discard fish samples were included 61 species from 37 families, nearly 39 percent commercial and 61 percent of non- commercial species. Rayfish and catfish have been observed in most fishing nets. Average size of most species particularly bony fish were under 15 cm. The amount of discard fish per unit of fishing effort is not significantly different between seasons. The highest portion of the catch belongs to Rayfishes. Total discard fishes of gillnets were estimated 3162 tones. Total weight of commercial fishes with small size in trash fish was estimated 225 tones. The rate and proportion of discard fish in total catch of gillnet was estimated 0.23 and 0.31 respectively. Chondrichthyes with 12 species and 60% of gillnet catch has the highest percentage of discard fish of gillnet. A large number of commercial species with small size such as Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801), ( Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepede, 1801) and Scomberoides commersonnianus(Lacepede, 1801) could be due to the role of nursery grounds in Khuzestan coastal waters.
علوم زیستی دریا
Hanif Hooshmand; Bahare Shabanpour; Marzieh Moosavi‐Nasab; Alireza Alishahi; Mohammad Taghi Golmakani
Abstract
Crab and shrimp wastes could be used as the cheapest raw materials for carotenoid pigments and also as an alternative to synthetic colors. The recovery of these valuable components from the aquatic waste could improve the aquatic processing industryand minimize the pollution potential of these wastes. ...
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Crab and shrimp wastes could be used as the cheapest raw materials for carotenoid pigments and also as an alternative to synthetic colors. The recovery of these valuable components from the aquatic waste could improve the aquatic processing industryand minimize the pollution potential of these wastes. In this research, Astaxanthin was used as thetarget extractionby using highperformance liquid chromatography to analyze the extended pigments under different ultrasound assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extractionconditions; namely, number of extraction times, theextraction duration, ultrasoundand microwave power andsolvent to waste ratio, inorderto understand the best condition of extraction. Theoptimal conditions forextracting crab wastes by UAE were at3times extraction with the solventtowaste ratio of15:1ml/g, and a power of 90W lasting for30second.Finally the astaxanthinyieldwas1407.12±0.58µg/gand for shrimp wastes were at 1 times extraction with thesolvent to waste ratio of 10:1 ml/g, and a power of150W lasting for150second that ultimately the astaxanthin yield was1257.43±0.02 µg/g. The optimal conditions for extracting crab wastes by MAE were at3times extraction withthe solvent towaste ratio of15:1ml/g, and a power of400W lasting for6second. Finally the astaxanthin yield was1082.07±0.25µg/g and for shrimp wastes were at 3 times extraction with the solvent to waste ratio of 15:1 ml/g, and a power of 600 W lasting for6second that ultimately the astaxanthin yield was1470.25±0.47µg/g. In comparison to the traditional method (soaking), the minimum amounts of carotenoid extraction from craband shrimp wastes were respectively95and11times, respectively.Therefore, the method of responsesurface methodology in optimizing the process condition is one ofthe effectivemethods for carotenoid extraction from crab and shrimp wastes.
علوم انسانی دریا
Kosar Heyydari; Kasra Pourkermani
Abstract
This research investigates the dynamics of excess return on vessels trip charter and time charter in travel leases and rental of the specified route in bulk dry market. Initially, using a weekly dataset between January 2003 and January 2016, a long-term co-integration relationship between temporary travel ...
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This research investigates the dynamics of excess return on vessels trip charter and time charter in travel leases and rental of the specified route in bulk dry market. Initially, using a weekly dataset between January 2003 and January 2016, a long-term co-integration relationship between temporary travel contracts and maritime-specific contracts was evaluated in the ship's temporary lease equations. Then, a new method was developed based on technical analysis to identify surplus return signals and the formation of a business strategy. Accordingly, our focus was on short-term deviations and we developed a leasing strategy for technical analysis. In particular, we designed the MMTM method and formed a rental strategy. Finally, we tested our strategy for a simple weekly entry into a specific lease. The results show that our method performs better than the benchmark strategy and reveals that a proper utilization of market price deviations will result in significant surplus returns.
علوم زیستی دریا
Razieh Nasrolahzadeh; Alireza Safahieh; Hossein Zolgharnein; Issac Zamani; Kamal Ghanemi
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the most important endocrine disrupters that has arrived to the environment, because of this reason, it has been developed into a detrimental material for human beings and other organisams. There are several ways for degradation or removal of industrial pollutants, ...
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Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the most important endocrine disrupters that has arrived to the environment, because of this reason, it has been developed into a detrimental material for human beings and other organisams. There are several ways for degradation or removal of industrial pollutants, in which the bacterial communities plays a major role in the biodegradation of BPA in the environment.In this study, contaminated sediments were collected in Mousa Creek. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolated Bacteri was Pseudomonas putida. Growth and degradation ability of isolated baccteri was measured in 100, 200 and 300 ppm of BPA in 24-hour intervals for 6 days. Bacterial growth rate was detected with spectrophotometer at 600 nm. Efficiency of BPA degradation was performed by Liquid-liquid extraction method and measured by HPLC. This bacteri was able to grow at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 ppm of BPA. So, the biodegradation results from mineral salt medium (MSM) indicated that Pseudomonas putida have the best degradation efficiency at the 200 ppm of the BPA. Biodegredation result by HPLC method show that the percentage of the degradation efficiency at the 200 ppm was 82.8 percent.These results demonstrated this indigenous bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) can be used to improve the bacterial communities contaminated by Bisphenol A and to eliminate the pollutants from the costal environment.
علوم زیستی دریا
Maryam Hasani; Mahin Rigi; Moazameh Kordjazi; Shirin Hasani
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play a role in achieving optimal health and protection against various diseases. Although the instability and oxidation of its essential fatty acids have limited its use in food products. Among the strategies used to avoid these challenges, the encapsulation method has been the most ...
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Omega-3 fatty acids play a role in achieving optimal health and protection against various diseases. Although the instability and oxidation of its essential fatty acids have limited its use in food products. Among the strategies used to avoid these challenges, the encapsulation method has been the most successful method. Therefore, the present study was performed with the aim of improving the stability of fish oil with encapsulation method and producing a useful product. In this research, the encapsulation of fish oil with a ratio of 3:1 (oil: coating) was done with malt dextrin, sodium casein ate, protein whey concentrates and modified starch (HICAP) by freeze drying. Yogurt enriched with encapsulated fish oil powder was produced and the physicochemical and sensory properties of the product were evaluated. The results showed that the particle size, particle dispersion index and encapsulation efficiency of the capsules were 0.85μm, 0.29 and 90%, respectively. Also, the results showed that the syneresis of yogurt enriched with microcapsules was lower and the water holding capacity was higher than the control and sample enriched with non-encapsulated fish oil. The increase of peroxide values in yogurt enriched with encapsulated fish oil had a slower trend than yogurt enriched with non-encapsulated oil. In all treatments, pH decreased and acidity increased. The sensory evaluation of the treatments revealed that the quality parameters of the yogurt treatments decreased during storage, and the yogurt treatments enriched with microencapsulated oil and the control treatment did not show any significant difference in terms of overall acceptance.
Sepideh Khatib Haghighi; Hojjat Khodaparast
Volume 10, Issue 3 , September 2012, , Pages 57-68
Abstract
For this survey, eight stations were selected in the Anzali Lagoon based on vicinity to the urban area, agricultural fields, in lets and out lets of the rivers. Sampling was carried out seasonally and in each season triplicate water samples were taken from surface layer of each station. Totally 96 water ...
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For this survey, eight stations were selected in the Anzali Lagoon based on vicinity to the urban area, agricultural fields, in lets and out lets of the rivers. Sampling was carried out seasonally and in each season triplicate water samples were taken from surface layer of each station. Totally 96 water samples were collected during one year period in sterile condition.Samples were transferred to the laboratoray at 4ºC temperature using ice box. The pollution by Coliform was examind using standard technigue of MPN and for count of bacteria differential, specific test and pourplate method isolate was used. In this survey different genus of bacteria were isolated and identified as: E.Coli (%19.65), Shigella (%18.21), Klebsiella (%17.86), Proteus (%13.21), Enterobacter (%11.07), Morganella (%9.65), Salmonella (%3.92), Serratia (%2.5), Providencia (%2.14) and Citrobacter (%1.79) which belonged to family Enterobacteriacea. Also the most important isolated genus of Vibrionacea were Vibrio (%47.55), Aeromonas (%28.67) & Plesiomonas (%4.9) and nonfermented-bacilli containg Suedomonace (%18.88). There was significant differences in the bacterial pollution between stations (P<0.05). The highest Coliform count was recorded during summer amounting to (147.71±171.36) ind. 100 cm3 and also the highest Fecal Coliform count was observed in summer (135.125±173.19) ind. 100 cm3 in the water. Generally the pollution in summer was higher in comparison to rest of the year due to increasing temperature and decreasing water flow of rivers.Higher bacterial pollution during autum in comparison to winter was attributed to heavay rain, erosion of the soil, flooding of the rivers and run off of the waste waters. Pirbazar river, Psikhan and Shambe Bazaar Roga drained high volume of urban agricultural and animal waste waters.The western area of the lagoon which is the bigest part of the Anzali lagoon had the least pollution.
Mohammad Zakeri; Peseta Kochanian; Jasem Marammazi
Volume 11, Issue 2 , November 2012, , Pages 58-66
Abstract
The crude protein content and amino acid compositions of muscle from wild and cultured of male and female Acanthopagrus latus were determined by HPLC. There were quantitative differences between individual amino acids in the tissues investigated, depending on the sex and location. It was noted that, ...
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The crude protein content and amino acid compositions of muscle from wild and cultured of male and female Acanthopagrus latus were determined by HPLC. There were quantitative differences between individual amino acids in the tissues investigated, depending on the sex and location. It was noted that, among all the samples studied in tissues, sexes and locations, lysine and isoleucine were the principal essential amino acid (EAA) and glutamic acid was mainly for non-essential amino acid (NEAA). Lysine and isoleucine of male muscles had a significantly higher (P<0.05) amount than female muscles. The crude protein content in male and female muscles was not found to be significantly different. Depending on location, the percentages of arginine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, serine, glycine, alanine and tyrosine were significantly different (P<0.05) in muscles of wild and cultured fish. The wild seabream possessed considerably higher protein content than cultured seabream muscle. The results showed that wild male fish muscle contained a higher (P>0.05) level of EAA than other groups. The results indicate that the Acanthopagrus latus is a healthful component of the human diet.
Mehrnaz Shirmohammadi; Babak Doustshenas; Simin Dehghan Mediseh; Ahmad Savari; Nasrin Sakhaei
Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Pages 59-66
Abstract
The study took place to survey the changes in diversity and distribution of Polychaetes in fishing area of Bahrakan, due to the trawling. Sampling was taken before (15 May) of trawling and two weeks (5 Sep) and three months (14 Nov) after trawling in 2010, in three period in Bahrakan coast. Therefore, ...
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The study took place to survey the changes in diversity and distribution of Polychaetes in fishing area of Bahrakan, due to the trawling. Sampling was taken before (15 May) of trawling and two weeks (5 Sep) and three months (14 Nov) after trawling in 2010, in three period in Bahrakan coast. Therefore, eighteen stations placed with the depth of 6 meters and 10 meters.The amount abundance Polychaetes had decreased significantlyin both depths two weeks after trawling (P<0.05). Also in 6m depth, no significant difference was observed between abundance Polychaetes in two weeks and three months after the trawling (p>0.05). Only in 10m depth, abundance Polychaetes after three months comparing to two weeks after trawling had increased significantly (p<0.05). Changing biomass Polychaetes was similar to Changing abundance. After the trawling, small size individuals became dominant.Abundance Species ofCossura longicirrattahad increased in both depths in two weeks after the trawling. Also in both depths, Shannon Diversity and Margalef Species Richness indices showedprocess decreasing and Simpson dominant Index showedprocess increasing. In both depths, Pielou Evenness Index two after trawling had increased. While, after three months comparing to two weeks after trawling had decreased and most effects of trawling were on 6m depth.
t m; p k; m z; v y; m m
Volume 12, Issue 4 , September 2014, , Pages 60-70
Nasrin Sakhaei; Ahmad Savari; Babak Dostshenas; Freshteh Saraji
Abstract
This research has been done on larval stage of two species of Epialtidae's Family on coastal waters of Hengam Island (The Persian Gulf) in 2011 . Sampling is done by plankton net with 300 μm mesh size by method of diagonal traction from bottom to surface in 6 station for a year from winter 2011 to ...
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This research has been done on larval stage of two species of Epialtidae's Family on coastal waters of Hengam Island (The Persian Gulf) in 2011 . Sampling is done by plankton net with 300 μm mesh size by method of diagonal traction from bottom to surface in 6 station for a year from winter 2011 to autumn 2012. This research is done based on morphological characteristics, such as overall shape and appendages of larvae in the lab by contrast phase inverted microscope of the first zoea larval stages of species Menaethuis monoceros and second zoea of Menaethiops nodulosus was studied. Larval species density studied at different stations and seasons were calculated. The highest average density respectively with 22/33 and 72/7 individual per m3 in the summer was calculated.
Abstract
This research was performed to introduce a standard protocol for enrichment of Artemia urmian with Canola oil. Artemia urmiana nauplii were enriched at three densities (50000, 100000 and 200000 nauplii L-1) and three concentrations of Canola oil (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g L-1). Their effects were evaluated ...
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This research was performed to introduce a standard protocol for enrichment of Artemia urmian with Canola oil. Artemia urmiana nauplii were enriched at three densities (50000, 100000 and 200000 nauplii L-1) and three concentrations of Canola oil (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g L-1). Their effects were evaluated on survival, total length and profile of fatty acids at 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 hours after the onset of enrichment. Cysts of A.urmiana were hatched according to the standard method. A.urmiana nauplii were stocked at above densities in 7 L cylindrical containers. Canola oil emulsion was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g L-1 at the beginning and 12 hours after the onset of enrichment. The results of analysis showed that enrichment of A.urmiana with 0.3 g L-1 Canola oil at 100000 nauplii L-1 for 18 hours was considered as the best treatment. Artemia nauplii enriched in this treatment had significantly higher levels of (n-3) PUFA and survival and minimum total length comparing to other treatments. The treatment had significantly higher levels of (n-6) PUFA than all treatments except treatment with a density of 50,000 nauplii L-1 with 0.1 g L-1 Canola oil for 18 hours.
Soad Yaish-Bachari; Hossein Zolgharnein; Mehdi Mohammadi; Mohammad Ali Salari-AliAbadi; Seied Ahmad Ghasemi
Volume 11, Issue 3 , November 2012, , Pages 62-70
Abstract
We collected 69 samples of Mudskipper from dominant spices periophthalmus waltoni for genetic study from Hendijan, Khore Zangi and Delvar. A specimen of fin was fixed in Ethanol alcohol (96%) and moved to Biotechnology lab in center study of Persian Golf in Bushehr. Total genomic DNA was extracted by ...
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We collected 69 samples of Mudskipper from dominant spices periophthalmus waltoni for genetic study from Hendijan, Khore Zangi and Delvar. A specimen of fin was fixed in Ethanol alcohol (96%) and moved to Biotechnology lab in center study of Persian Golf in Bushehr. Total genomic DNA was extracted by proteinase-K digestion, phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol extraction and ethanol precipitation. The quality and quantity of DNA was assessed using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotomeric method. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were conducted on the target DNA using 6 primers RAPD. PCR products were separated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamid gels (8%) that were stained using silver nitrate. Allele frequency, the effective and real allele, expected and observed heterozygosis, genetic diversity, Shannon Information index, Gst and gene based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were calculated using the GENALEX and Pop Gene software. The average of Shannon index for Hendijan, Khore zangi and Delvar was respectively 0.3887, 0.2860 and 0.3509. Highest of Gst observed between Hendijan and Khore zangi (0.260) and lowest between Khore zangi and Delvar (0.195). Highest of gene flow (Nm) was observed between Delvar and Khore zangi (1.033) and lowest between Hendijan and Khore zangi (0.687). Highest of Genetic identity observed between Delvar and Khore zangi (0.924) but lowest was between Hendijan and Khore zangi community (0.833). Eventually this study show that three community of our research are separate and belong to two clusters.
مهندسی دریا
Abdullah Eidani nezhad; A.Kabir Kabiri; S.H. Dibajian; A. Mardan
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the marine industry to use composites to improve the hydrodynamic and structural performance of naval structures. The materials used within the composite are commercially available, and it is important the development of the right mix of fibers, resin and laminate lay-up ...
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There is an increasing interest in the marine industry to use composites to improve the hydrodynamic and structural performance of naval structures. The materials used within the composite are commercially available, and it is important the development of the right mix of fibers, resin and laminate lay-up that provide the desired mechanical and environmental performance for marine application. In this paper, to improve the stiffness and control the geometry of the blades of a marine propeller made of carbon/epoxy genetic algorithm to determination of optimal stacking Sequence is used. Using this method will minimize the deformation of tip blades. The optimization process has executed by linking ABAQUS and MATLAB software. Optimal angles of blade propeller obtained by using this process.
Masoud Mahmoudaf; Vahid Chegini
Volume 12, Issue 3 , September 2014, , Pages 63-73
Abstract
In this article, two three-dimensional hydrodynamic and numerical models, COHERENS and BOM are used to investigate the renewable tidal energy in Khoore Musa. Firstly, the effect of 6 tidal constituents on regional hydrodynamic is estimated in 10 sigma levels in vertical and 250 resolution. The results ...
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In this article, two three-dimensional hydrodynamic and numerical models, COHERENS and BOM are used to investigate the renewable tidal energy in Khoore Musa. Firstly, the effect of 6 tidal constituents on regional hydrodynamic is estimated in 10 sigma levels in vertical and 250 resolution. The results of both models are verified with field data recorded by Iranian National Institute for Oceanography. It is found that the outcomes of COHERENS are more reliable but calibration is required. Whereas the accuracy of calibrated hydrodynamic module of COHERENS is approved, the energy of tidal currents is calculated. In this study, the current energy module is developed and set as a supplementary module. Hourly averaging of current energy during one month indicated that the maximum value recorded was more than 0.65 MWh. The maximum depth-integrated energy of this area was about 5 MWh. The best and more advantageous area to extract energy is a strait in the Middle-Bar with density of more than 300 .
علوم زیستی دریا
Hamideh Zakariaei; Mohammad Sudagar; Seyedeh Sedighe Hoseini; Hamed Paknejad; Kartik Baruah
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of two species of Lactobacillus probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) extract singular and combined on digestive enzyme activities, body composition, survival, growth and microbial flora in ...
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of two species of Lactobacillus probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) extract singular and combined on digestive enzyme activities, body composition, survival, growth and microbial flora in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this purpose, 7 experimental diets were evaluated in 3 replications. One-month-old aged zebrafish (D. rerio) (75.9±1 mg) were fed with experimental diets including: diet without probiotics and prebiotic as the control diet (diet 1), diet with 1% button mushroom extract as prebiotic (diet 2), diet with 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotic (diet 3), diet with 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus bulgaricus as probiotic (diet 4), diet with 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus acidophilus in combination with 1% button mushroom extract as synbiotic1 (diet 5), diet with 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus bulgaricus in combination with 1% button mushroom extract as synbiotic2 (diet 6) and diet with 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus acidophilus, 107 CFU g-1 Lactobacillus bulgaricus and 1% button mushroom extract as synbiotic3 (diet 7) for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, Sampling was performed randomly to evaluate those mentioned factors. The results showed that the highest growth rate, specific growth rate and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in the synbiotic treatments, which were significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the survival rate of all treatments with the control group (P <0.05). Also, the highest activity of digestive enzymes was observed in the group which fed with diet 7, which was significantly different from other treatments and control group (P <0.05). In addition, the highest amount of protein was observed in the treatment which fed with diet 7, which was significantly different from control group (P <0.05). However, this difference in fat, ash content and body moisture between control group and other treatments was not significant (P <0.05). The total number of intestinal microbial flora bacteria and lactic acid bacteria that was examined at the end of the period was significantly different from the control group in all treatments (P <0.05). But, there was no significant difference between all treatments with the control group 10 days after stopping feeding with the experimental diets (P <0.05). According to the results, feeding with synbiotics containing these probiotics in combination with button mushroom extract as a prebiotic had a positive effect on growth performance and digestive enzymes in Zebrafish (D.rerio), therefore, it can be recommended as a functional synbiotic in zebrafish (D. rerio) farming.
علوم انسانی دریا
Amir Nezam Barati
Abstract
Sea-based defense diplomacy, soft use of the navy through participation in activities such as student-centered exchange of maritime universities, visits by ships and submarines to littoral state, Communications of vessels at sea for coordination and in the fight against piracy and maritime terrorism, ...
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Sea-based defense diplomacy, soft use of the navy through participation in activities such as student-centered exchange of maritime universities, visits by ships and submarines to littoral state, Communications of vessels at sea for coordination and in the fight against piracy and maritime terrorism, relief And salvation is institutionalized at the seas and oceans. In general, maritime defense diplomacy is a process that leads to increased maritime cooperation between the maritime institutions of the coastal states. From another point of view, maritime defense diplomacy is based on the peaceful use of one country's navy and defense and government institutions to cooperate with another country's navy, defense and government institutions in order to achieve a desirable result.
Sea-based defense diplomacy, soft use of the navy through participation in activities such as student-centered exchange of maritime universities, visits by ships and submarines to littoral state, Communications of vessels at sea for coordination and in the fight against piracy and maritime terrorism, relief and salvation is institutionalized at the seas and oceans. In general, maritime defense diplomacy is a process that leads to increased maritime cooperation between the maritime institutions of the coastal states. From another point of view, maritime defense diplomacy is based on the peaceful use of one country's navy and defense and government institutions to cooperate with another country's navy, defense and government institutions in order to achieve a desirable result. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to investigate the role of the strategic navy of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the development of sea-based defense diplomacy. The findings of this study indicate that in general, the relations between the navy and the maritime industry related to defense affairs at the international level can be in the direction of macro diplomacy of a maritime country to protect and safeguard national interests. From this point of view, sending high-ranking naval delegations to participate in international Symposium such as IONS and the participation of various fleets in the form of shipping security fleets and training fleets of naval university students to international waters and visiting developing and developing maritime countries can have a significant impact on the promotion of sea-based defense diplomacy. Continuation of sea-based defense diplomacy can create a profound change not only in the field of sea-based defense but also in the field of maritime industry development and sustainable maritime development. Therefore, the promotion of sea-based defense diplomacy can play an important role in promoting and protecting national interests. In addition, the visit of naval training, peace and friendship fleet will strengthen public diplomacy, expand maritime relations with the littoral countries of the oceans and seas. Finally, the efficient and effective presence of the Strategic Navy in international waters has enhanced the security of the country's maritime transport lines such as non-oil exports, exports of crude oil and gas condensate, imports of basic goods and basic items of the country.
Omidvar Farhadian; Delaram Taghavi; Azar Moradipour; Roya Sedaghat
Volume 11, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 64-73
Abstract
Artemia nauplii, despite their marine origin, have a good potential for application in the freshwater ornamental fish culture. In this study, two types of Artemia urmiana and Artemia franciscana were used for feeding of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata Peters) Larvae. Newly hatched fresh nauplii at three different ...
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Artemia nauplii, despite their marine origin, have a good potential for application in the freshwater ornamental fish culture. In this study, two types of Artemia urmiana and Artemia franciscana were used for feeding of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata Peters) Larvae. Newly hatched fresh nauplii at three different densities of 3, 6, and 12 ind./ml as live feeds were compared for measuring larval ingestion rate. Results showed that type and density of Artemia nauplii had significant effects on ingestion rate (P<0.05). The average ingestion rate in larvae which maintain 12 hours starvation (first set of experiment) were 36, 244, and 664 ind./larvae/day for A. urmiana, correspondingly, for A. franciscana were 160, 480, and 880 ind./larvae/day at densities of 3, 6, and 12 ind./ml, respectively. The average ingestion rate of guppy larvae with 24, 48 and 72 hours feeding preconditions (2nd, 3rd and 4th set of experiment) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased. After starvation, the ingestion rate of guppy larvae fed A. urmiana had range 22-54, 86-102, and 148-188 ind./larvae/day, correspondingly, for A. franciscana 66-100, 100-260, and 200-224 ind./larvae/day at 3, 6, and 12 ind./ml, respectively. The use of suitable densities of 6 and 12 ind./ml from Artemia nauplii could increase efficiency of utilization and also improve Guppy larvae production.