نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه تنوع زیستی و ایمنی زیستی، پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه ارزیابی و مخاطرات محیط زیست، پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
تالاب های ساحلی- دریایی متشکل از جنگل های حرا، سواحل شنی و کفه های گلی از زیستگاه های حساس و مهم سواحل جنوبی ایران به شمار می آیند که نقش مهمی در اقتصاد و معیشت جوامع محلی دارند. تالاب بین المللی حرای رودشور، شیرین و میناب از تالاب های ساحلی مهم ایران بوده و به دلیل مواجه بودن با تهدیدهای فراوان، نیازمند برنامه ریزی حفاظتی نوین و موثر می باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تغییرات معنی دار سطوح جنگل های حرا به عنوان گونه شاخص تالاب، شناسایی و اولویت بندی تهدیدات تنوع زیستی تالاب و ارائه راهکارهای حفاظت مشارکتی انجام شده است. تغییرات سطح جنگل های حرا بر اساس روش تحلیل سری زمانی داده های سنجنده OLI (آشکارساز زمینی) از لندست 8 انجام گردید. فرآیند برنامه ریزی و اجرای حفاظت مشارکتی در این پژوهش شامل بررسی وضع موجود، شناخت ذینفعان و برگزاری نشست های مشارکتی به منظور شناسایی و اولویت بندی تهدیدها و تدوین برنامه اقدام حفاظت مشارکتی تالاب بوده است. نتایج نشان داد که جنگل‌های حرا از سال 2015 تا 2022 در مجموع در برخی اراضی 30/78 هکتار تخریب داشته است. بر اساس نظرسنجی انجام شده از مشارکت کنندگان و ذینفعان، دو تهدید آلودگی ناشی از تخلیه سوخت قاچاق و فعالیت های صید و صیادی بی رویه و غیرمجاز بیشترین اولویت از مجموع 15 تهدید شناسایی شده در تالاب را داشته است. در این پژوهش برای ده تهدید مهم اولویت بندی شده با نظر مشارکت کنندگان، برنامه اقدام کاهش اثر تهدیدات شامل سازوکار اثر تهدید، اثر بر گونه های شاخص، اثرات اقتصادی اجتماعی و برنامه اولویت دار کاهش اثرات هر تهدید، تدوین شده است. دست آوردهای این پژوهش در افزایش آگاهی ها و تهیه محتوی آموزشی برای برنامه های حفاظت جامعه محور با مشارکت ذینفعان از جمله اجرای طرح های مشارکتی حفاظت و احیاء تالاب کاربرد دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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